6 May 2019; DW: The eight-member Arctic Council is looking at ways to deal with global warming and access to mineral wealth. The thawing of ice has some countries scrambling over the earth's untapped resources.
Top diplomats from the United States, Russia and other member nations of the Arctic Council are meeting in Rovaniemi, Finland on Monday to discuss policies pertaining to the polar region.
The summit comes as tensions grow over how to deal with global warming and jurisdiction of the Arctic's wealth of minerals.
Arctic tensions
- The meeting is likely to be dominated by concerns over the climate policies of US President Donald Trump.
- US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is set to give a speech focused on rejecting a role for China in shaping Arctic policy.
- China, which holds observer status on the council, has been pushing a "Polar Silk Road" plan, which it outlined last year.
- Military issues are excluded from the Arctic Council's remit, but the fact that Russia has reopened Cold War military bases and is modernizing its powerful Northern Fleet may be a topic of discussion.
- US and Russian officials could also meet separately to discuss the political crisis in Venezuela, Russia's biggest South American ally.
Melting icecaps: Surface air temperatures in the Arctic are warming at twice the rate as the rest of the earth, according to some researchers. Some experts say the ocean could be ice-free during the summer months within 25 years. The melting ice has made some of the earth's undiscovered reserves of oil, gas and mineral deposits more accessible.
Trump's environmental approach: The US president has frequently expressed skepticism about whether the increase in global temperatures was a result of human activity. His administration has reversed several policies of his predecessor, Barack Obama, including promoting coal production and withdrawing from the 2016 Paris Climate Accord. Many believe the Trump administration is focused on exploiting resources and pushing back on Russia and China for strategic and security reasons at the expense of the Arctic's fragile environment.
The 'Polar Silk Road': China, which became an observing nation on the Arctic Council in 2013, has tried to boost its presence in the Arctic region. It has been one of the countries scrambling to claim territory as thawing ice allows for the exploitation of some of the world's remaining untapped resources. Last year, China outlined a plan for a "Polar Silk Road" as melting ice has opened up northern shipping routes. The US warned earlier this month of the risk of Chinese submarines in the Arctic.
What is the Arctic Council? Established by the 1996 Ottawa Declaration, the eight-member arctic council is an intergovernmental forum that discusses issues facing Arctic nations as well as indigenous people of the Arctic. Headquartered in Tromso, Norway, it is made up of the United States, Canada, Russia, Finland, Norway, Denmark (representing Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and Iceland, which currently holds the council's rotating chair. Indigenous groups also are represented and the council has 13 observer states — non-Arctic countries invited to council meetings but which have no voting rights — including China.
